• Search
  • Today's news
  • Archive
  • Subscribe
Ukraine Business News
  • Search
  • Economy
  • Finance
  • Investments
  • Energy
  • Politics
  • Agriculture
  • Real Estate
  • Tech
  • War
  • Opinions
  • Reports
  • UBN NETWORK
Ukraine Business News
  • Today's news Archive Subscribe
Follow us

nbu

Wednesday, May 21
The IMF initiates a new EFF program review with Ukraine with $487M at stake.

The IMF initiates a new EFF program review with Ukraine with $487M at stake. On May 20, the IMF began its mission for the eighth review of the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) for Ukraine. The previous day, a foundational meeting was held with representatives from the National Ban...

  • #EFFprogram
  • #imf
  • #IMFStructuralBeacons
  • #nbu
  • #ReformsinUkraine
  • #SupportUkraine
Business lending in Ukraine is on the rise, propelled by farmers and builders.

Business lending in Ukraine is on the rise, propelled by farmers and builders. The Banking Sector Review for Q1 2025 shows that banks are increasing the pace of business lending while also extending loans to the consumers. As a result, the growth of the net commercial hryvnia lo...

  • #financeUkraine
  • #Lending
  • #LoansforBusiness
  • #nbu
  • #NPL
  • #UkrainianBanks
Tuesday, May 20
More than a third of Ukrainian bank deposits are held in foreign currency, despite their lower profitability.

More than a third of Ukrainian bank deposits are held in foreign currency, despite their lower profitability. According to the NBU, as of April 1 ₴1.392T was held in banks and protected by the Deposit Guarantee Fund (DGF). Since the start of the year, this amount has hardly changed (+₴0.6B). Meanwhile, in 60 ...

  • #BankDeposits
  • #DepositGuaranteeFund
  • #financeUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkrainianBanks
Monday, May 19
Ukraine isn’t concerned about potentially missing a payment on GDP warrants, even with the risk of default.

Ukraine isn’t concerned about potentially missing a payment on GDP warrants, even with the risk of default. During a recent meeting with investors in London, Government Commissioner for Public Debt Management Yuriy Butsa emphasized that Ukraine will not hasten to restructure the 2015 government derivatives ...

  • #DebtRestructuring
  • #financeUkraine
  • #GDPwarrants
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineSecurities
Wednesday, May 14
Dragon Capital has updated its macroeconomic forecast to reflect a potential peace agreement.

Dragon Capital has updated its macroeconomic forecast to reflect a potential peace agreement. Ukraine’s real GDP growth in 2025 could accelerate to 3.5-5.5% if Ukraine and Russia reach an agreement on a long-term ceasefire. If the war continues, Ukraine’s economic growth will slow ...

  • #DragonCapital
  • #GDPinUkraine
  • #Hryvnia
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Monday, May 12
The NBU has eased currency restrictions to encourage foreign investment.

The NBU has eased currency restrictions to encourage foreign investment. The National Bank has launched a “stimulating currency liberalization” aimed at attracting foreign capital to Ukraine. Its essence is to create a mechanism that will encourage foreign inve...

  • #CurrencyLiberalization
  • #CurrencyRestrictions
  • #financeUkraine
  • #investments
  • #nbu
Friday, May 2
Ukrainian companies’ debt reduction exceeded foreign direct investment by 200%.

Ukrainian companies’ debt reduction exceeded foreign direct investment by 200%. Ukrainian businesses reduced their net debt over 2022-2024 by increasing their liquid funds and deposits and reducing debt to Ukrainian banks by $21B, which is 200% more than foreign investment over t...

  • #ConcordeCapital
  • #investments
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #ukrainianbusiness
In April, businesses evaluated their current economic activity more cautiously, approaching a neutral level,

In April, businesses evaluated their current economic activity more cautiously, approaching a neutral level, according to the NBU Business Activity Expectations Index (BAEI). Among the reasons for the weakened assessments indicated by respondents are significant declines in weather conditions, ongoing uncert...

  • #BusinessExpectation
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBusinessActivity
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #ukrainianbusiness
Wednesday, April 30
What are the possible consequences of reducing Ukraine’s financial assistance?

What are the possible consequences of reducing Ukraine’s financial assistance? If Ukraine’s budget gap increases in the next two years and the situation with external financing does not improve, a large-scale reduction in the NBU’s reserves and a sharp devaluation of...

  • #BudgetDeficit
  • #hryvniadevaluation
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBudget2025
  • #ukrainedebt
  • #UkraineEconomy
Tuesday, April 29
The EU and Ukraine are exploring ways to secure reparations from Russia.

The EU and Ukraine are exploring ways to secure reparations from Russia. Rebuilding Ukraine after the Russian-instigated war will be costly, with current estimates around £400B. As part of a peace deal advocated by US President Donald Trump, £225B ($300B) of Russian state ...

  • #DenysShmyhal
  • #nbu
  • #ReparationsForUkraine
  • #RussianAssetsConfiscation
  • #UkraineRecovery
After altering the terms of the preferential mortgage program to favor developers, loan issuance fell by 33%.

After altering the terms of the preferential mortgage program to favor developers, loan issuance fell by 33%. In February 2025, Ukrainian banks issued 516 mortgage loans totaling ₴926M, which is 7% higher than the mortgage lending volume in January. However, this amount is a third less than in February of las...

  • #eOselya
  • #MortgageProgram
  • #MortgagesUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #PrimaryHousing
  • #RealEstateUkraine
Wednesday, April 23
The price for one ton of Ukrainian agricultural exports has increased by 40% compared to 2024.

The price for one ton of Ukrainian agricultural exports has increased by 40% compared to 2024. According to the Ministry of Agrarian Policy, the price of a ton of Ukrainian agricultural exports increased from $315 in 2024 to $443 in April 2025. This growth is attributed to a rise in exports of ...

  • #agroexportukraine
  • #agroUkraine
  • #GrainHarvestUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #VitaliyKoval
Tuesday, April 22
Business expectations improved in the first quarter of the year, with more than a third of companies ready to invest.

Business expectations improved in the first quarter of the year, with more than a third of companies ready to invest. In the first quarter of 2025, the Business Expectations Index (BEI) for Enterprises rose to 108.2%, up from 101.8% in the fourth quarter of 2024. The NBU noted that hostilities and their consequences ...

  • #investments
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBusinessActivity
  • #UkraineBusinessExpectation
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #ukrainianbusiness
Friday, April 18
The National Bank of Ukraine keeps the discount rate unchanged at 15.5%.

The National Bank of Ukraine keeps the discount rate unchanged at 15.5%. The Board of the NBU has decided to hold the discount rate steady at 15.5% to sustain the foreign exchange market’s stability, control inflation expectations, and gradually reduce inflation to t...

  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #KeyPolicyRate
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #UkraineMonetaryPolicy
In March, Ukraine’s tax revenues surpassed their target by $1B.

In March, Ukraine’s tax revenues surpassed their target by $1B. According to Finance Minister Serhiy Marchenko, this figure was made possible by a better-than-expected electricity supply during the winter, which enabled businesses to operate more consistently and ...

  • #financialaidforUkraine
  • #imf
  • #nbu
  • #SerhiyMarchenko
  • #TaxesUkraine
  • #UkraineBudget2025
Thursday, April 17
Ukraine’s economy is expected to grow by 3%, while inflation is anticipated to slow significantly.

Ukraine’s economy is expected to grow by 3%, while inflation is anticipated to slow significantly. ICU analysts observe that that the Ukrainian economy has shown modest growth since the third quarter of 2024, and predict a low probability of a substantial acceleration in recovery. The need to gradu...

  • #Hryvnia
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Monday, April 14
Ukrainians are investing in bank deposits and dollar-denominated government bonds.

Ukrainians are investing in bank deposits and dollar-denominated government bonds. According to the first quarter’s results, the volume of hryvnia funds in individuals’ accounts increased by 0.6%. The NBU reports that this positive trend has continued for the seventh con...

  • #BankDeposits
  • #financeUkraine
  • #investments
  • #nbu
  • #OVDP
  • #UkraineBond
Monday, April 7
The National Bank of Ukraine has outlined the reasons for rising inflation in the country.

The National Bank of Ukraine has outlined the reasons for rising inflation in the country. In February 2025, both general and core inflation continued to rise in Ukraine. According to the NBU, inflation maintained its upward trend in March. The primary factors driving inflation’s acce...

  • #ConsumerInflation
  • #IndustrialInflation
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomy
Why did Ukraine’s economic recovery slow down last year compared to 2023?

Why did Ukraine’s economic recovery slow down last year compared to 2023? Ukraine’s real GDP grew by 2.9% in 2024. Although the economy experienced growth for the second consecutive year amid the full-scale war, the pace of recovery decelerated compared to 2023, when ...

  • #GDPinUkraine
  • #GVAukraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Friday, April 4
Last year, foreign investment in Ukraine decreased by 25%, despite the government’s expectation of a 20% increase.

Last year, foreign investment in Ukraine decreased by 25%, despite the government’s expectation of a 20% increase. Ukraine’s inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2024 reached $3.33B, which is 25% ($1.16B) lower than 2023’s figure, as noted by Danylo Hetmantsev, the head of the Verkhovna Rada Co...

  • #CurrencyRestrictions
  • #DanyloHetmantsev
  • #ForeignInvestor
  • #investments
  • #nbu
Wednesday, April 2
For the first time in 11 months, businesses have report positive expectations for their activities.

For the first time in 11 months, businesses have report positive expectations for their activities. In March, the Business Activity Expectations Index (BAEI) surpassed the neutral level for the first time in 11 months, registering at 51.8 compared to 46.9 in February 2025 (and 52 in March 2024). The...

  • #BusinessActivityExpectations
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBusinessActivity
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #UkraineIndustry
Monday, March 17
Since the onset of the full-scale invasion, Ukrainians have doubled the hryvnia in their bank accounts.

Since the onset of the full-scale invasion, Ukrainians have doubled the hryvnia in their bank accounts. Ukraine’s banking system is boosting its liquidity reserve – the total number of hryvnia in consumer accounts rose by 2.3% in February, according to the NBU. Hryvnia held in business accounts al...

  • #BankDeposits
  • #financeUkraine
  • #HryvniaDeposits
  • #nbu
  • #PiraeusBank
  • #PiraeusBankUkraine
Friday, March 7
To curb inflation, the NBU raised its key policy rate to 15.5%.

To curb inflation, the NBU raised its key policy rate to 15.5%. The Board of the National Bank of Ukraine decided to increase the discount rate by one percentage point to 15.5% per annum and adjust the parameters of its interest rate policy framework. These decisi...

  • #financeUkraine
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #KeyPolicyRate
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #UkraineMonetaryPolicy
Thursday, March 6
Ukraine’s mineral export revenue fell by 60% last year compared to pre-war figures.

Ukraine’s mineral export revenue fell by 60% last year compared to pre-war figures. In 2024, mineral export revenue represented 8.1% of total export revenue. Reports from the Center for Economic Research and Forecasting indicate that revenue decreased by nearly 60% compared to 2021. ...

  • #agroexportukraine
  • #MetallurgyUkraine
  • #MineralExport
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #UkraineExport
Wednesday, March 5
Ukrainian IT exports in January dropped to their lowest level since the onset of the full-scale invasion.

Ukrainian IT exports in January dropped to their lowest level since the onset of the full-scale invasion. According to the National Bank, in January 2025 IT export volume fell by 20.7%, totaling $489M. This represented a loss of $128M for the Ukrainian economy compared to December of last year. Furthermor...

  • #ComputerServices
  • #ITexport
  • #LvivITcluster
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineExport
  • #UkraineITexport
Tuesday, March 4
In February, Ukrainian businesses upgraded their assessments of their economic activity,

In February, Ukrainian businesses upgraded their assessments of their economic activity, although they remained cautious, mostly staying below a neutral level. The business activity expectations index in Februrary 2025 was 46.9, compared to 41 in January 2025 and 47.5 in February 2024, as...

  • #BusinessExpectation
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicActivity
  • #UkraineEconomy
  • #ukrainianbusiness
Tuesday, February 18
In Ukraine, household loans have become more expensive, even though banks attract funds at lower rates.

In Ukraine, household loans have become more expensive, even though banks attract funds at lower rates. In January 2025, Ukrainian banks raised their rates on household loans, according to operational data from the National Bank. Consequently, average interest rates on new bank loans to consumers in the...

  • #BankDeposits
  • #CreditPortfolio
  • #financeUkraine
  • #KeyPolicyRate
  • #nbu
  • #UkrainianBanks
Friday, February 14
Last year, Ukraine’s insurance market shrank by 36%: the NBU sums up the sector’s annual results.

Last year, Ukraine’s insurance market shrank by 36%: the NBU sums up the sector’s annual results. According to the National Bank, Ukrainian insurance companies specializing in non-life insurance increased collected premiums by 12% in 2024 and in the life insurance segment by 14%. Growth is occurri...

  • #InsuranceCompanies
  • #InsuranceMarket
  • #InsuranceUkraine
  • #LifeInsurance
  • #nbu
Thursday, February 6
By the end of March, inflation in Ukraine is expected to rise to 14%.

By the end of March, inflation in Ukraine is expected to rise to 14%. Danylo Hetmantsev, the head of the parliamentary finance committee, noted that the NBU predicts inflation will accelerate to 14.3% in the first quarter of 2025. The politician stated that the primary ...

  • #DanyloHetmantsev
  • #hryvniaexchangerate
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Wednesday, February 5
Business activity remains stable, but falling employee numbers and rising prices for goods and services is expected.

Business activity remains stable, but falling employee numbers and rising prices for goods and services is expected. The Business Activity Expectations Index (BAEI) in January 2025 was 41, matching the level from January 2024. The challenging security situation hindered the BAEI’s dynamics, along with a lack o...

  • #BusinessActivityExpectations
  • #LaborMarketUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBusinessActivity
  • #UkraineEconomy
Monday, February 3
The NBU expects that Ukraine’s international aid will decrease.

The NBU expects that Ukraine’s international aid will decrease. The National Bank anticipates that Ukraine will continue to receive significant external financial support, particularly in 2025, but the amount will gradually diminish as the country’s economic...

  • #EFFprogram
  • #financialaidforUkraine
  • #imf
  • #nbu
  • #RussianAssetsProfits
  • #UkraineBudget2025
  • #UkraineBudgetDeficit
The NBU forecast: What will happen to inflation and GDP in 2025-2026?

The NBU forecast: What will happen to inflation and GDP in 2025-2026? Inflation in Ukraine is expected to decrease during 2025-2026, dropping to 5%. According to the National Bank’s forecast, inflation will peak in the second quarter of 2025, and begin to decline ...

  • #GDPinUkraine
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Thursday, January 30
Demand for loans in Ukraine is growing; banks are planning to ease standards for consumer loans and tighten them for mortgages.

Demand for loans in Ukraine is growing; banks are planning to ease standards for consumer loans and tighten them for mortgages. Banks remain optimistic about lending, note an increase in demand for corporate and consumer loans, and predict loan portfolio growth over the next 12 months, according to an NBU survey. According to ...

  • #BankLoans
  • #ConsumerLending
  • #financeUkraine
  • #LoansforBusiness
  • #MortgagesUkraine
  • #nbu
Tuesday, January 28
NBU: Commercial and consumer lending is trending up in Ukraine.

NBU: Commercial and consumer lending is trending up in Ukraine. In 2024, Ukrainian banks saw their net commercial loan portfolios grow by ₴65B (21%) and their consumer loan portfolios increase by ₴62B (39%), said Andriy Pyshnyy, Chairman of the NBU. According to h...

  • #AndriiPyshnyi
  • #CreditPortfolio
  • #financeUkraine
  • #LendingProgramsUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #NPL
Friday, January 24
The National Bank of Ukraine has raised the key policy rate to 14.5% per annum.

The National Bank of Ukraine has raised the key policy rate to 14.5% per annum. The NBU increased rates on overnight certificates of deposit, three-month certificates of deposit, and refinancing loans by 1 percentage point – to 14.5%, 17%, and 17.5%, respectively. This decision a...

  • #BankDepositsinUkraine
  • #CurrencyMarket
  • #financeUkraine
  • #KeyPolicyRate
  • #nbu
The National Bank has worsened its 2025 key macro indicator forecasts.

The National Bank has worsened its 2025 key macro indicator forecasts. Considering security risks and the difficult situation in the labor market, the NBU has worsened its forecast for Ukraine’s 2025 GDP growth from 4.3% to 3.6%. At the same time, the bank predicts...

  • #GDPinUkraine
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBudget2025
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Tuesday, January 21
VisionFund Ukraine Starts Lending to Support Small Businesses in Ukraine.

VisionFund Ukraine Starts Lending to Support Small Businesses in Ukraine. Despite the war, international companies slowly continued entering the market, looking for high returns and post-war new market opportunities. VisionFund Ukraine, after two years on the market, receiv...

  • #LendingInUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #VisionFund
  • #VisionFundUkraine
  • #WesleyJordan
Friday, January 17
Businesses have increased their activity and investment forecasts for the next 12 months.

Businesses have increased their activity and investment forecasts for the next 12 months. For the second month in a row, businesses have improved their business activity estimates for the next 12 months, maintaining optimistic forecasts for attracting investment but anticipating moderate i...

  • #BusinessExpectation
  • #investments
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBusinessActivity
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Thursday, January 16
The NBU says buying a home has become more profitable, but Ukrainians are shying away from risk because of the war.

The NBU says buying a home has become more profitable, but Ukrainians are shying away from risk because of the war. Currently, price conditions in the real estate market are more favorable than before the full-scale invasion, but due to war risks, Ukrainians are not ready to invest in housing, the national bank sai...

  • #HousingsalesUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #PrimaryHousing
  • #RealEstateUkraine
  • #SecondaryMarket
Tuesday, January 14
The Central Bank of Ukraine expects inflation to accelerate at the beginning of the year.

The Central Bank of Ukraine expects inflation to accelerate at the beginning of the year. In the first months of 2025, inflation will likely continue to accelerate because of lower harvests, pressure from business spending on energy supplies and labor, and the effects of a weakening hryvni...

  • #Inflation
  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicForecast
  • #UkraineEconomy
Monday, January 13
How did Ukraine spend the nearly $42B in international financial assistance it received last year?

How did Ukraine spend the nearly $42B in international financial assistance it received last year? Last year, Ukraine received about $42B in financial support. In addition, the country received more than $3.5B by placing foreign currency government bonds. The money, according to People’s Depu...

  • #CurrencyMarket
  • #financialaidforUkraine
  • #imf
  • #internationalReserves
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBudget2024
Thursday, January 9
State banks were the most profitable through 11 months of 2024; the banking sector increased its tax payments by 70%.

State banks were the most profitable through 11 months of 2024; the banking sector increased its tax payments by 70%. According to the NBU, solvent Ukrainian banks generated ₴131B ($3.2B) in net profit after tax from January-November 2024. The leaders in the banking sector were: PrivatBank with ₴56.3B, Oschadbank wit...

  • #nbu
  • #oschadbank
  • #PrivatBank
  • #RaiffeisenBankUkraine
  • #UkraineBanksProfits
  • #UkrainianBanks
Wednesday, January 8
New historical record: Ukraine’s international reserves have exceeded $43.78B.

New historical record: Ukraine’s international reserves have exceeded $43.78B. As reported by the National Bank, as of January 1 2025, Ukraine’s international reserves reached over $43.787B, increasing by 9.7% during December. The volume of international reserves became th...

  • #financialaidforUkraine
  • #imf
  • #internationalReserves
  • #nbu
  • #worldbank
In Ukraine, economic activity in the coal and metallurgical industries slowed down.

In Ukraine, economic activity in the coal and metallurgical industries slowed down. As reported by the NBU, in December 2024 a slowdown in economic activity was observed in several sectors, primarily the coal and metallurgical industries. At the same time, investments in gas and oil ...

  • #CoalUkraine
  • #DanubeShipping
  • #MetallurgyUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineEconomicActivity
  • #UkraineEconomy
The National Bank has identified the reasons behind the acceleration of price growth in Ukraine.

The National Bank has identified the reasons behind the acceleration of price growth in Ukraine. According to the NBU, in November 2024 consumer inflation in Ukraine increased to 11.2% annually, exceeding the forecasts in the October NBU Inflation Report. Core inflation reached 9.3% annually. The...

  • #ConsumerInflation
  • #InflationUkraine
  • #nbu
  • #pricesinUkraine
  • #UkraineEconomy
Monday, December 23
The National Bank continues easing currency restrictions: What has changed?

The National Bank continues easing currency restrictions: What has changed? Changes that ease currency restrictions in three areas came into force on December 21. This easing will support domestic producers and improve the conditions for doing business in Ukraine. At the same...

  • #CurrencyMarket
  • #CurrencyRestrictions
  • #Energoatom
  • #financeUkraine
  • #nbu
Wednesday, December 18
How will the hryvnia exchange rate change against the dollar in 2025?

How will the hryvnia exchange rate change against the dollar in 2025? The dollar exchange rate will grow moderately during 2025, the ICU investment company predicts. It is noted that the hryvnia exchange rate now depends entirely on the NBU’s vision of its optimal...

  • #CurrencyMarket
  • #dollarexchangerate
  • #financeUkraine
  • #foreignexchangemarket
  • #Hryvnia
  • #nbu
Tuesday, December 17
How much do loans for businesses and individuals cost in Ukraine?

How much do loans for businesses and individuals cost in Ukraine? In November 2024, banks reduced loan rates, according to data from the National Bank of Ukraine. The average interest rate on new bank loans to individuals in the national currency were 33.8% per annu...

  • #BankLoans
  • #CreditPortfolio
  • #financeUkraine
  • #KaterynaRozhkova
  • #LoansforBusiness
  • #nbu
Monday, December 16
Due to inflation, the key rate in Ukraine was increased from 13% to 13.5%.

Due to inflation, the key rate in Ukraine was increased from 13% to 13.5%. The Board of the National Bank of Ukraine increased the discount rate to 13.5% per annum. This takes place after inflation accelerated to 11.2% per annum in November. It is noted that the inflationary...

  • #InflationinUkraine
  • #KeyPolicyRate
  • #nbu
  • #UkraineBudgetDeficit
  • #UkraineEconomy
Friday, December 6
Ukraine’s international reserves increased by 9.1% in November to $39.92B.

Ukraine’s international reserves increased by 9.1% in November to $39.92B. The National Bank explains that this dynamic is due, on the one hand, to significant volumes received from international partners and, on the other hand, to a decrease in the volume of net currency sa...

  • #CurrencyMarket
  • #CurrencySale
  • #financeUkraine
  • #internationalReserves
  • #nbu
  • #OVDP
  • #UkraineDebtPayment
Older Entries
Follow us
84k
124k
123k
699
Subscribe
Ukraine Business News
Ukraine Business News
  • Today's news
  • About us
  • Archive
  • Support UBN
  • Privacy policy
  • Cookie policy
  • Didn't find the information you need?
    Advanced search
  • Did you like the material?
    Subscribe on news
  • Do you want to contact us?
    EDITOR@UBN.NEWS
Ukraine Media Group LLC 2025