Overall, public level of pessimism over the economy has changed little over the last four years.

Overall, public level of pessimism over the economy has changed little over the last four years.Asked if the country is ‘going in the right direction,’ 70% said ‘no’ – the same as in July 2015. Asked about their household finances, 39% said they had improved or stayed the same – virtually unchanged throughout 2018. Asked about joining the EU, 53% were in favor, little changed since March 2014. On joining the Moscow-led Eurasian Customs Union, 13% were in favor, virtually the same as the 14% registered in July 2015.