During the war, over 20 countries have continued to buy Russian fossil fuels, with China the largest importer.

As of June 2025, according to CREA, despite sanctions, energy claims, and reputational risks, more than 20 countries still actively import Russian fossil fuels following the onset of the Russian Federation’s full-scale war against Ukraine in 2022. The top three importers are China, which has paid Russia €253.1B for oil, gas, and coal; the EU (€209.4B); and India (€138.7B). Together, these countries have provided Russia with over €600B in fossil fuel revenue since the start of the invasion.

1. China is the clear leader in importing Russian oil (€182.6B) and coal (€36.8B) and ranks second in gas (€33.8B).
2. The EU ranks first in Russian gas purchases, totaling over €102B in three years, including pipeline gas and LNG.
3. India has purchased oil worth €103.9B, compared to Europe’s €123.3B.

Also among the countries purchasing Russian energy resources are Turkey (€103.6B), Germany (€28.6B), Hungary, South Korea, Italy, the Netherlands, France, Slovakia, Belgium, Japan, the UAE, and Singapore.