For years, farmers have complained that Ukrzaliznytsia grain rates subsidize below market freight rates for iron, coal, cement, and fertilizer producers. Across the board, all rates would increase by 8% in September 2021. In January 2022, grain rates would increase again by another 6.5%, but the freight for the wider category would go up by 20.4%. This “rate convergence” would bring an extra $400 million to the state railroad fiscal coffers next year.